Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral. A first draft of the montreux document it was prepared during four intergovernmental meetings that took place between january 2006 and september 2008. Thus, amended montreal protocol which was initially conceived only to plug gases that were destroying the ozone layer now includes hfcs responsible for global warming. The ozone layer is a part of the earths atmosphere that has relatively high levels of ozone o3.
Parties present and voting means parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. The ozonaction fact sheet kigali amendment to the montreal protocol. In the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol has seen. Issues for discussion by and information for the attention of the twenty eighth meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol. The current version of the document is updated as at december 2019 and includes decisions taken at the 84th executive committee meeting and the 31st meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol. The translation presented here is that followed by the united kingdom carriage by air act 1961. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the earths fragile ozone layer.
Secretariat means the secretariat of the convention. Nov 18, 2016 the kigali amendment amends the 1987 montreal protocol that was designed to close growing ozone hole in by banning ozonedepleting coolants like chlorofluorocarbons cfcs. Montreal protocol ozone depletion global environmental issues. The montreal protocol center for climate and energy solutions. Proposed amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer submitted by kiribati, the marshall islands, mauritius, the federated states of micronesia, palau, the philippines, samoa and solomon islands. To be signed by the head of state, head of government. Beginning in the 1970s, concerns that the refrigerants used in most air conditioners and refrigerators were leaking into the air and depleting the earths ozone layer led to the negotiation and signing of the montreal protocol, a 1987 united nations treaty phasing out the use of these chemicals. Leveraging worldwide participation, the montreal protocol has sent clear signals to the global market and placed the ozone layer, which was in peril, on a path to repair. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts.
Controlled substance means a substance listed in annex a to this pro tocol, whether. This text contains the latest version of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, updated to march 2000 to include the cumulative amendments to various articles adopted by the parties at their second, fourth, ninth and eleventh meetings. Controlled substance means a substance in annex a, annex. Hfc phasedown the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
With negotiations under the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol considering limits on hydrofluorocarbons hfcs as potent greenhouse gases, this paper examines past transitions during the relatively short, but dynamic history of this international treaty. Since 1987, every country in the world has ratified the montreal protocol and each one con tributes to preserving the ozone layer and the global environment. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 738kb plain language summary the montreal protocol is the international agreement that ensures the protection of the earths ozone layer through the global phaseout of ozonedepleting substances ods. This protocol shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 10412. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The main objective of the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol is to assist developing country parties to the montreal protocol whose annual per capita consumption and production of ozone depleting substances ods is less than 0.
Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories. Update on kigali amendment to the montreal protocol. The montreal convention 1999 mc99 establishes airline liability in the case of death or injury to passengers, as well as in cases of delay, damage or loss of baggage and cargo. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish.
The montreux document is the result of an initiative launched by switzerland and the icrc in early 2006. Summary of control measures under the montreal protocol 27. The montreal protocol is an international environmental agreement with universal ratification to protect the earths ozone layer by eliminating use of ozone depleting substances ods, which would otherwise allow increased uv radiation to reach the earth, resulting in higher incidence of skin cancers and eye cataracts, morecompromised immune systems, and negative. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change october 2009 executive summary in the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol has seen unparalleled success. The montreal protocol has been both groundbreaking and complex for a number of reasons. Montreal protocol, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. The document is available as a pdf file in its entirety and in 11 separate chapters.
Montreal protocol as the most successful international agreement due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of exceptional international cooperation, with kofi annan quoted as saying that perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the montreal protocol. Montreal protocol means the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, adopted in montreal on 16 september 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. It unifies all of the different international treaty regimes covering airline liability that had developed haphazardly since 1929.
Icao legal seminar, nairobi, kenya tan siew huay ms 28 november 2017. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 1 preamble the parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, mindful of their obligation under that convention to take appropriate measures to protect human health and the environment against. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer the montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987. Project document template montreal protocol operations global environment coordination world bank march 2002. Protocol or accession thereto, the latter entered into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which the state or organization had deposited the said instrument, or on the date on which the convention entered into. The translation currently used in the united states is at section 5. Frequently asked questions and answers the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer general science questions 1 what is the ozone layer and where is it in the atmosphere. The montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful, and is the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. April 3, 2017 about this document is published on the edge website as a white paper to help raise awareness about the climate impact of substances controlled by the montreal protocol. Further amendment of the montreal protocol to adopt, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 4 of article 9 of the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, the amendment to the montreal protocol set out in annex i to the report of the twentyeighth meeting of the parties. In 2014, icao states including the 28 eu member states adopted the montreal protocol, which amends the 1963 tokyo convention on offenses and certain other acts committed on aircraft, and puts in place a stronger international legal framework to deal with unruly passengers.
One of its most important features is the dynamic process in which the controlling of all ozonedepleting substances is based on the latest scientific, technological and economic information. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere, and it is found. Kigali amendment to the montreal protocol october 15, 2016 avoids over 80 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent cumulatively through 2050 phasedown, not a phase out, of hfcs a5 group 1 a5 group 2 a2 baseline 20202022. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Pdf the importance of the montreal protocol in protecting. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. Layer montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987, which has achieved. Points total memory naming visuospatial executive attention language abstraction delayed recall orientation read list of words, subject must repeat them. The montreal protocol 2014 what changes will it bring. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. Parties following the montreal adjustments in 2007. Edge guidance document for refrigerant selection to reduce. Cfcs were identified early on as the biggest ozonedepleting substances.
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